Skip to main content

Recent Charges and Petitions Filings

Displaying 76601 - 76700 of 506594

Tyson Foods, Inc.

Case Number: 05-CA-307047
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 600
Location: Glen Allen, VA
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

Cardi Corporation

Case Number: 01-CA-307197
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 60
Location: Warwick, RI
Region Assigned: Region 01, Boston, Massachusetts

Yanfeng International Automotive Technology

Case Number: 07-RC-307045
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 3
Location: Romulus, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan
Unit Sought: Included: Crib Attendants Excluded: All office and clerical employees, managers, supervisors, guards, temporaries, contract employees and professional employees, as defined by the National Labor Relations Act.

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 07-CA-307278
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 200
Location: Farmington, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan

St. Vincent Charity Medical Center

Case Number: 08-CA-307136
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 151
Location: Cleveland, OH
Region Assigned: Region 08, Cleveland, Ohio

Branch 529, National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC), AFL-CIO (United States Postal Service)

Case Number: 07-CB-307096
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Port Huron, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan

Z & S Ventures LLC d/b/a Discount Liquor

Case Number: 16-CA-307185
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 10
Location: Houston, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

Swedish Medical Center

Case Number: 19-CA-306981
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 12000
Location: Seattle, WA
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Merge Mobile, Inc.

Case Number: 21-CA-307039
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 35
Location: San Clemente, CA
Region Assigned: Region 21, Los Angeles, California

Quarterline Consulting Services, LLC

Case Number: 28-CA-307456
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Kirtland AFB, NM
Region Assigned: Region 28, Phoenix, Arizona

Quarterline Consulting Services, LLC

Case Number: 28-CA-307357
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Kirtland AFB, NM
Region Assigned: Region 28, Phoenix, Arizona

Quarterline Consulting Services, LLC

Case Number: 28-CA-307483
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Kirtland AFB, NM
Region Assigned: Region 28, Phoenix, Arizona

AT&T Southwest

Case Number: 16-CA-307174
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 5000
Location: Austin, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

Ewing Marion Kauffman School

Case Number: 14-CA-306969
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 130
Location: Kansas City, MO
Region Assigned: Region 14, Saint Louis, Missouri

Workers United Chicago & Midwest Regional Joint Board (Starbucks Corporation)

Case Number: 18-CB-307070
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 30
Location: Roseville, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Workers United Pennsylvania Regional Joint Board (Starbucks Corporation)

Case Number: 06-CB-307018
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 20
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Region Assigned: Region 06, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

St. Joseph’s Medical Center

Case Number: 32-CA-307212
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50
Location: Stockton, CA
Region Assigned: Region 32, Oakland, California

Workers United (Starbucks Corporation)

Case Number: 19-CB-307085
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 30
Location: Bellingham, WA
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Nitricity Inc

Case Number: 20-CA-307229
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 17
Location: San Francisco, CA
Region Assigned: Region 20, San Francisco, California

Workers United (Starbucks Corporation)

Case Number: 08-CB-306997
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Cleveland, OH
Region Assigned: Region 08, Cleveland, Ohio

Workers United Chicago & Midwest Regional Joint Board (Starbucks Corporation)

Case Number: 27-CB-307071
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Denver, CO
Region Assigned: Region 27, Denver, Colorado

Felton Institute d/b/a Family Service Agency of San Francisco

Case Number: 20-RD-306999
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 6
Location: San Francisco, CA
Region Assigned: Region 20, San Francisco, California
Unit Sought: Child Development/Parenting Specialist, Case managers, Parent Fellow, Senior Administrative Assistant Excluded: Manager, Supervisor, Coordinator

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 25-CA-306970
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50
Location: Indianapolis, IN
Region Assigned: Region 25, Indianapolis, Indiana

American Postal Workers Union, Local 259 (United States Postal Service)

Case Number: 12-CB-306977
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 300
Location: Tampa, FL
Region Assigned: Region 12, Tampa, Florida

National Postal Mail Handlers Union, Local 311 (United States Postal Service)

Case Number: 16-CB-306986
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 400
Location: Dallas, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 16-CA-307078
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Houston, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 05-CA-307101
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50000
Location: Annapolis, MD
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

National Association of Letter Carriers Region 13 (United States Postal Service)

Case Number: 05-CB-307107
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50000
Location: Ashburn, VA
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

Local 406, International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) (United Parcel Service)

Case Number: 07-CB-307261
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 250
Location: Saginaw, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan

Consolidated Edison Company of New York

Case Number: 02-CA-307895
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 6800
Location: Manhattan, NY
Region Assigned: Region 02, New York, New York

Tyson Foods, Inc.

Case Number: 25-CA-306991
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 300
Location: Corydon, IN
Region Assigned: Region 25, Indianapolis, Indiana

Starbucks Corporation

Case Number: 16-CA-306965
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Open
No Employees: 38
Location: San Antonio, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

Solid Finish Construction

Case Number: 25-CA-306982
Date Filed: 11/10/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 14
Location: Galveston, IN
Region Assigned: Region 25, Indianapolis, Indiana

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 15-CA-306883
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50
Location: Olive Branch, MS
Region Assigned: Region 15, New Orleans, Louisiana

Starbucks Corporation

Case Number: 32-CA-307198
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 15
Location: Capitola, CA
Region Assigned: Region 32, Oakland, California

St. Charles Health System, Inc. d/b/a St. Charles Medical Center

Case Number: 19-CA-306905
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 1000
Location: Bend, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Marathon Petroleum Logistics Services LLC

Case Number: 21-RC-306935
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 4
Location: San Diego, CA
Region Assigned: Region 21, Los Angeles, California
Unit Sought: Included: All full-time and regular part time Terminal Lead Operators, Operators and Terminal Technicians Excluded: All temporary employees, office clerical and professional employees, guards, and supervisors as defined in the Act

St. Joseph's Medical Center

Case Number: 02-CA-306927
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 90
Location: Yonkers, NY
Region Assigned: Region 02, New York, New York

Central Stars Behavioral Health Group

Case Number: 32-CA-307041
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Merced, CA
Region Assigned: Region 32, Oakland, California

Eagle 5 Enterprises Inc. d/b/a Spacebuds The Dispensary

Case Number: 19-CA-306865
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 14
Location: Eugene, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Rugby Manufacturing Company

Case Number: 18-RD-306876
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50
Location: Rugby, ND
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Unit Sought: Included: Janitor, Prod Control, Assembler, Shipping Int/Ext, Paint/Blast, Mat Hand, Fab, Welder, Main, Jigs&Fixtt. Excluded:

Blattner Energy

Case Number: 18-CA-307081
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Beaver Creek, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota

IUOE Local 49 (Blattner Energy)

Case Number: 18-CB-307091
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Beaver Creek, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Syracuse Area Landmark Theatre

Case Number: 03-CA-306823
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Syracuse, NY
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Local 9, AFL-CIO (Syracuse Area Landmark Theatre)

Case Number: 03-CB-306815
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Syracuse, NY
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

United Auto Workers Local 551 (Ford Motor Company)

Case Number: 13-CB-306839
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 4000
Location: Chicago, IL
Region Assigned: Region 13, Chicago, Illinois

Whiting Manufacturing

Case Number: 03-CA-306849
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 260
Location: Akron, NY
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 12-CA-306853
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: San Juan, PR
Region Assigned: Region 12, Tampa, Florida

Teamsters Local Union No. 682 (DLH Trucking, Inc.)

Case Number: 14-CB-306811
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 45
Location: Moscow Mills, MO
Region Assigned: Region 14, Saint Louis, Missouri

AT&T

Case Number: 10-CA-306793
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 13
Location: North Myrtle Beach, SC
Region Assigned: Region 10, Atlanta, Georgia

32BJ SEIU (NYC School Support Services)

Case Number: 29-CB-306820
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 500
Location: Brooklyn, NY
Region Assigned: Region 29, Brooklyn, New York

Mosquito Shield

Case Number: 03-CA-306807
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 25
Location: Orchard Park, NY
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

Teamsters Local 528 (Americold)

Case Number: 10-CB-306809
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 50
Location: East Point, GA
Region Assigned: Region 10, Atlanta, Georgia

SECURITAS SECURITY SERVICES USA, INC.

Case Number: 01-CA-306879
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 265
Location: Cambridge, MA
Region Assigned: Region 01, Boston, Massachusetts

SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 32BJ (Securitas Security Services USA, Inc.)

Case Number: 01-CB-306894
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 20
Location: Cambridge, MA
Region Assigned: Region 01, Boston, Massachusetts

Auburn Community Hospital

Case Number: 03-CA-306824
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 1
Location: Auburn, NY
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

Multi Air Services Engineers

Case Number: 19-RC-306873
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 8
Location: Seattle, WA
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington
Unit Sought: included: All full Time and regular Part Time General Maintenance Workers, Hvac Technicians, Journeyman Electricians, and On Site Supervisors. Excluded: All Office and Clerical employees, Guards, and Supervisors as defined by the Act.

APWU (United States Postal Service)

Case Number: 14-CB-306819
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 30
Location: Wichita, KS
Region Assigned: Region 14, Saint Louis, Missouri

Centerpoint Adolescent Treatment Services

Case Number: 03-CA-306827
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 10
Location: Winooski, VT
Region Assigned: Region 03, Buffalo, New York

Unite Here Local 23

Case Number: 05-CB-306937
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 200
Location: Washington, DC
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

Albertsons / Safeway

Case Number: 28-CA-307298
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 450
Location: Farmington, NM
Region Assigned: Region 28, Phoenix, Arizona

Sodexo East @howard university

Case Number: 05-CA-306929
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 200
Location: Washington, DC
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

Local 32BJ SEIU (Pritchard Industries)

Case Number: 02-CB-306897
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 10
Location: New York, NY
Region Assigned: Region 02, New York, New York

Recology, Inc.

Case Number: 20-CA-306902
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 7
Location: Auburn, CA
Region Assigned: Region 20, San Francisco, California

Teamsters Local 833 (Student Transportation of America)

Case Number: 14-CB-306825
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 140
Location: Jefferson City, MO
Region Assigned: Region 14, Saint Louis, Missouri

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 22-CA-306921
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 10000
Location: Kearny, NJ
Region Assigned: Region 22, Newark, New Jersey

SAG-AFTRA (No Employer Named)

Case Number: 31-CB-306945
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 100
Location: Los Angeles, CA
Region Assigned: Region 31, Los Angeles, California

Cleveland-Cliffs

Case Number: 08-CA-306920
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 1700
Location: Cleveland, OH
Region Assigned: Region 08, Cleveland, Ohio

Starbucks Corporation

Case Number: 16-CA-306904
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 30
Location: San Antonio, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

Arrowhead Products

Case Number: 21-CA-306869
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 55
Location: Los Alamitos, CA
Region Assigned: Region 21, Los Angeles, California

Closet & Storage Concepts

Case Number: 28-CA-307343
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 14
Location: Henderson, NV
Region Assigned: Region 28, Phoenix, Arizona

Durham School Services

Case Number: 25-CA-306887
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 80
Location: Davenport, IA
Region Assigned: Region 25, Indianapolis, Indiana

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 10-CA-306868
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 80
Location: Lilburn, GA
Region Assigned: Region 10, Atlanta, Georgia

Charter Communications Operating, LLC

Case Number: 20-RD-306850
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 2
Location: Kahului, HI
Region Assigned: Region 20, San Francisco, California
Unit Sought: Included: Customer service representatives, support, dispatchers Excluded: Sales, marketing, confidential employees, managerial personnel, casual production techs, air techs, janitors, guards, supervisors, and all other employees

Fiore Industries, Inc.

Case Number: 32-CA-307142
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 3
Location: Mountain View, CA
Region Assigned: Region 32, Oakland, California

Paragon Systems, Inc.

Case Number: 05-CA-306953
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 200
Location: Frederick, MD
Region Assigned: Region 05, Baltimore, Maryland

United Parcel Service

Case Number: 21-CA-306926
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 500
Location: San Marcos, CA
Region Assigned: Region 21, Los Angeles, California

Teamsters Local 542 (United Parcel Service)

Case Number: 21-CB-306946
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 500
Location: San Marcos, CA
Region Assigned: Region 21, Los Angeles, California

Mayo Clinic Health System - Austin

Case Number: 18-UD-306888
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 79
Location: Austin, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Unit Sought: Included: full and regular part time LPN's, regional LPN's, medical assistants and patient care specialists employed by medical center at its clinics in Austin MN and Adams, MN. Excluded: Nurse care line, patient advisory nurses, educators, coordinator, guards, and supervisors as defined in National Labor Relations Act as amended all other employees

United Parcel Service

Case Number: 01-CA-306910
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 1100
Location: Shrewsbury, MA
Region Assigned: Region 01, Boston, Massachusetts

New Seasons Market

Case Number: 19-CA-306872
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 140
Location: Portland, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Elm Community Charter School

Case Number: 29-CA-306900
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 40
Location: Queens, NY
Region Assigned: Region 29, Brooklyn, New York

Sunoco Partners Lease Acquisition & Marketing, LLC

Case Number: 16-CA-306978
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 201
Location: Houston, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

TENENT (SAINT VINCENT HOSPITAL)

Case Number: 01-CA-306917
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 220
Location: Worcester, MA
Region Assigned: Region 01, Boston, Massachusetts

Ashford Hospital

Case Number: 12-CA-307075
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 300
Location: San Juan, PR
Region Assigned: Region 12, Tampa, Florida

Comprehensive Mental Health Center of Tacoma-Pierce County d/b/a Comprehensive Life Resources

Case Number: 19-RC-306947
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 225
Location: Tacoma, WA
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Planned Parenthood Great Northwest, Hawai’i, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky

Case Number: 19-RC-306939
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 4
Location: Seattle, WA
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington
Unit Sought: Employees Included: The Petitioner seeks to add through an Armour-Globe election all full time and part time Capacity Building Specialists in Washington state, employed by the employer at 2001 E Madison St Seattle WA 98122, to the existing bargaining unit. Employees Excluded: Managers, supervisors and guards as defined by the act

Justice Energy Inc., Bluestone Resources Inc.

Case Number: 06-CA-306916
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 30
Location: Daniels, WV
Region Assigned: Region 06, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Chicago Regional Council of Carpenters Local Union 58

Case Number: 13-CA-307038
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 2500
Location: Chicago, IL
Region Assigned: Region 13, Chicago, Illinois

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 12-CA-307099
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 150
Location: Saint Petersburg, FL
Region Assigned: Region 12, Tampa, Florida

Newport Avenue Market

Case Number: 19-CA-306896
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 8
Location: Bend, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

Minnesota Historical Society

Case Number: 18-CA-307027
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 15
Location: Saint Paul, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota

UD CONTRACTING, INC.

Case Number: 09-RC-306880
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 10
Location: Fort Knox, KY
Region Assigned: Region 09, Cincinnati, Ohio
Unit Sought: Included: All full-time and regular part-time HVAC technicians employed by the Employer at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Excluded: All other employees, office clericals, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act.

United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America International Union, AFL-CIO, Local 129 (Lear Corporation)

Case Number: 16-CB-306891
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 700
Location: Grand Prairie, TX
Region Assigned: Region 16, Fort Worth, Texas

Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center

Case Number: 19-CA-306936
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 750
Location: Corvallis, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

St. Anthony Hospital

Case Number: 19-CA-306911
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 200
Location: Pendleton, OR
Region Assigned: Region 19, Seattle, Washington

John Henry Foster Minnesota, Inc.

Case Number: 18-CA-307031
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 4
Location: Eagan, MN
Region Assigned: Region 18, Minneapolis, Minnesota

United States Postal Service

Case Number: 12-CA-307056
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 129
Location: Ponce, PR
Region Assigned: Region 12, Tampa, Florida

DS Premier

Case Number: 07-CA-307066
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 5
Location: Kentwood, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan

New Century Golf Cars LLC, d/b/a US Golf Cars LLC

Case Number: 07-CA-307125
Date Filed: 11/09/2022
Status: Closed
No Employees: 150
Location: Caledonia, MI
Region Assigned: Region 07, Detroit, Michigan